Secondary succession: A. leads to a stable, persistent community. B. reaches completion in about 15 years. C. occurs in areas lacking vegetation where soil is present. D. typically begins with lichens. E. would occur on a sand dune.

Option C.

Secondary succession occurs in areas lacking vegetation where soil is present.

Explanation:

Secondary succession always occurs in the place where there had been community living, but were destroyed. These succession occurs in the place that lacks the vegetation.For example: after the forest fire, the vegetation is destroyed but the soil is present. The succession in forest after massive forest fire is secondary succession. If the place has never been colonized before then primary succession occurs.

Iwould say overuse ( but not 100% sure ) in the u.s. we tend to overuse water by leaving it running, throwing it away, taking long showers, etc.

Plants take energy from the sunlight with the of chlorophyll so the plant starts the food chain. then an herbivore eats the plant and gets its energy.then a carnivore or a human eats the herbivore and gets its energy. : )