In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a
a) derived character
b) taxonomic group
c) molecular clock
d) physical similarity

Then it is june the conclusion to the second sentence is just restating "if it is june then it is summer"

Yes yes yes very good

Na+ loss through sweet plus the dilution has lowered na+ concentration outside of neurons, altering the na+ equilibrium potential. sodium exists more outside the cells than inside. when na+ is lost by sweat plus the dilution( because they drink a lot of water) changes the concentration outside the cell, forcing the water to enter the cell and attempt to balance the concentration inside/outside.the problem is that the abundance of water will cause the cells to swell. most cells can adapt, however, the brain cells can't that's why the runner has confusion and can't control the muscles.  if not treated and this occurs in less than 48 hours, it can be immediately fatal .