Why did medicine have a domestic— rather than professional—character in the preindustrial era? how did urbanization change that? quizle

Explanation:

1) Medical Practice was in confusion- Everyone could exercise lacking constraint or drill

2) Medical measures were original- no practical knowledge

3) Mislaid institutional principal- no extensive growth of hospitals

4) Request was unbalanced- least claim due to self-sufficiency (family folk-remedies), economic circumstances (opportunity cost of transportation), and purchase costs (fee for service)

5) Medical education was substandard-apprenticeship, unhindered access, and lacking in science based exercise

Urbanization increased dependence on particular skills of remunerated professionals because..

a. Separated people from families and neighborhoods’- no more home-based medicines

b. Women started working outdoor- no longer thoughtful for the sick

c. Physicians became less expensive and more reachable- telephones, cars,  roads reduced opp. cost of time and travel- more reasonable

d. Better topographical closeness of patients and physicians

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

the dna molecules have a negative charge because of the phosphate groups in their sugar-phosphate backbone, so they start moving through the matrix of the gel towards the positive pole. power is turned on and dna fragments migrate through gel (towards the positive electrode).

explanation: