In shorthorn cattle, coat color may be red, white, or roan. roan is an intermediate phenotype expressed as a mixture of red and white hairs. for this problem, use "a" to indicate the allele that produces red hair, and "a" to indicate the allele that produces white hair. the following phenotypic data are obtained from various crosses: cross 1: red × red → all red cross 2: white × white → all white cross 3: red × white → all roan cross 4: roan × roan → 1/4 red: 1/2 roan: 1/4how is coat color inherited? by incomplete dominanceby recessive epistasisby dominant epistasisby multiple alleleswhat are the genotypes of parents in cross 1? ( check all that apply)

- Incomplete dominance

- In the first cross, both parents are homozygous dominant for the red trait.

Explanation:

Incomplete dominance is a condition where neither of the alleles completely dominates over the other one. Dominant alleles cannot completely cover up the recessive alleles. Descendents possess an intermediate phenotype between the two parental phenotypes and not the dominant one, which would appear if this would be the case of complete dominance.

Cross 1-

Parents) AA   x   AA

Gametes) A   A   A   A

F1) 100% AA, red

Cross 2-

Parents) aa   x   aa

Gametes) a   a  a  a

F1) 100% aa, white

Cross 3-

Parents) AA   x   aa

Gametes) A   A   a   a

F1) 100% AA, roan

Cross 4-

Parents) Aa   x   Aa

Gametes) A   a   A   a

F1) 25% AA, red

      50% Aa, roan

      25% aa, white

the principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and development of a conclusion that confirms, rejects, or modifies the hypothesis.