Which of the following is not a density-dependent factor affecting population growth?

a. predatation
b. temperature
c. disease
d. crowding
e. stress

Temperature is NOT a density-dependent factor affecting population growth (Option B).

The factors that affect population size can be classified into density-dependent factors and density-independent factors.The main density-dependent factors that affect population growth include, among others, disease, competition within the population, predation, waste accumulation, etc.These factors (density-dependent factors) can exhibit positive or negative outcomes regarding population growth.

In conclusion, temperature is NOT a density-dependent factor affecting population growth (Option B).

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