Asalamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. therefore, a salamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to ) surface of hydrocarbonsb) surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bondsc) slightly damp surfaced) surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bonds

Salamanders are amphibians which have lizard like appearance and have short limbs. They relies on hydrogen bonding which helps them to stick to various surfaces.

A salamander would have difficulty in clinging to a surface of hydrocarbon.

They excrete toxic on their skins and are considered as poisonous. They can climb to walls and mountainous areas.

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poor water quality affects most estuarine organisms, including commercially important fish and shellfish. the pollutants that have the greatest impact on the health of estuaries include toxic substances like chemicals and heavy metals, nutrient pollution (or eutrophication), and pathogens such as bacteria or viruses.