Chapter 13 active reading guide:
the molecular basis of inheritance section 1

a) what are the two chemical components of chromosomes?
b) why did researchers originally think that protein was the genetic material?
c) distinguish between the virulent and nonvirulent strains of streptococcus pneumoniae studied by frederick griffith.

(A): DNA and protein

(B): The case for proteins appeared stronger until the 1940s, especially since biochemists had identified them as a class of macromolecules with great heterogeneity and function specificity, essential requirements for the hereditary material. Moreover, little was known about nucleic acids, the physical and chemical properties of which seemed far too uniform to account for the multitude of specific hereditary traits of each organism

(C): Virulent strains are pathogenic (causing disease), whereas non-virulent strains are non-pathogenic (harmless) strains.

white blood cells or wbc s are mainly 2 types-

1.agranulocytes

2.granulocytes

the monocytes or macrophages of agranulocytes , dendritic cells which are accessory leucocytes, and b cells which is one type of lymphocytes   identify the antigens present on the pathogen's surface. these three cells are called antigen presenting cells(apc) which are phagocytes and destroy the antigens by secreting antitoxins. besides this leukocyte is always plays vital role in the immunity of the body.

a- all cells come from pre-existing cells