In many cells, the adhesion to the extracellular matrix through integrins causes the activation of kinases in the cytoplasm. this suggests that:
a. integrins promote the activation of signal-transduction pathways.
b. integrins are kinases.
c. extracellular matrix proteins are receptors and integrins are ligands.

A

Explanation:

Because integrens create adhesion in extracellular matrix by creating a pathway through kinases. By phosphorylation of continous pathway.

phylogenetic tree is the tree of life or evolution tree. it shows the different branches of evolution. the sequence goes like tissues - coelom - backbone - endoskeleton - segmentation

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for total protein extraction for western blot analysis from achieved samples following trizol isolation of rna.