List the major contributors to modern biology concepts and in your own words, briefly describe their work.

The scale of study ranges from biophysical subcomponents to complex systems. Modern biology is divided into sub-disciplines according to the types of organisms and the scale at which they are studied. Molecular biology is the study of the fundamental chemistry of life, while cell biology is aimed at examining the cell, that is, the basic constructive unit of all life. At a higher level, physiology studies the internal structure of the organism

a polymer is a chainlike molecule made up of small molecular units. these small molecular units are called monomers. monomers of polymer can be joined together either naturally or synthetically.  

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure