If plants were able to respond in any possible way, what could plants have done to make plant productivity higher or at least less variable over the past 400,000 year time period?

Plants must have evolved in a manner where they require less water and nutrients as these two were the only limiting factor and carbon dioxide was in abundance

Explanation:

Some 400,000 years ago, the concentration of CO2 was very high and was near to 1000 ppm. At this high concentration of CO2 the photosynthetic activity of plants becomes very high and thus since 400,000 years ago plants could have evolved in an uncontrolled manner but this does not happened. So the reason behind this is limitation in terms of soil and its constituent’s nutrients availability and also limited supply of water.  

Therefore, if plants would have evolved themselves in a manner where they require less water and nutrients then they would have grown limitless.  

regulation of gene expression. gene expression can be regulated by various cellular processes with the aim to control the amount and nature of the expressed genes. these regulatory proteins bind to dna and send signals that indirectly control the rate of gene expression

explanation:

micro/nanoscale topography surface exhibits many prominent properties and is extensively employed in biomedical device, microfluidic device and energy device fabrication. additionally, the clinical applications of biomaterials can be largely expanded with of nanostructured surfaces.