Imagine that you attempted to recreate mendel's work with garden peas. you began by crossing true breeding violet-flowered, tall plants with white-flowered dwarf plants. after self-crossing the f1 generation, you obtain the following phenotypes in the f2 generation:

80 tall, violet flowers
36 tall, white flowers
39 dwarf, violet flowers
5 dwarf, white flowers

a. how many tall plants with violet flowers were expected?
b. how many tall plants with white flowers were expected?
c. how many dwarf plants with violet flowers were expected?
d. how many dwarf plants with white flowers were expected?

use a chi-square analysis to test the hypothesis that the f2 data for stem length (tall: dwarf) is consistent with mendel's law of segregation. calculate the chi square value.

use a chi-square analysis to test the hypothesis that the f2 data for stem length (tall: dwarf) and flower color (violet: white) is consistent with mendel's law of independent assortment. calculate the chi square value.

(a) 90

(b) 30

(c) 30

(d) 10

F2 data for stem length (tall:dwarf) is consistent with Mendel's law of segregation.

F2 data for stem length (tall:dwarf) and flower color (violet:white) is consistent with Mendel's law of independent assortment

Explanation:

The F2 phenotypes are supposed to be in 9:3:3:1 according to Mendelian law. The total number of F2 progeny is: 80 + 36 + 39 + 5 = 160

(a) Hence, the expected number of tall, violet plants will be:

            9/16 x 160 = 90

(b) Expected number of tall, white plants will be:

            3/16 x 160 = 30

(c) Expected number of dwarf, violet plants will be:

            3/16 x 160 = 30

(d) Expected number of dwarf, white plants will be:

            1/16 x 160 = 10.

Total number of tall F2 plants = 80 + 36 = 116

Total number of dwarf F2 plants = 39 + 5 = 44

Expected ratio of tall:dwarf plants according to Mendel = 3:1

Expected number of tall plants = 3/4 x 160 = 120

Expected number of dwarf plants = 1/4 x 160 = 40

Chi square

=

for tall =

                                    = 0.1333

for dwarf =

                                      = 0.40

Total = 0.1333 + 0.4

                                    0.5333

Degree of freedom = n - 1

                                   2 - 1 = 1

Tabulated (α = 0.05) = 3.841

Since the tabulated is more than the calculated , the hypothesis that the F2 data for stem length (tall:dwarf) is consistent with Mendel's law of segregation is accepted.

                                       Observed    Expected    

tall, violet flowers                  80          90        

tall, white flowers                36            30          

dwarf, violet flowers             39           30        

dwarf, white flowers            5              10        

       Total                             160           160                       7.51

Degree of freedom = 4 - 1 = 3

Tabulated (α = 0.05) = 7.815

The tabulated value is more than the calculated value. Hence, F2 data for stem length (tall:dwarf) and flower color (violet:white) is consistent with Mendel's law of independent assortment.            

picture a world where computers are building made-to-order personalized robotic arms and synthetic organs, drones are circulating above mars! due to the rapid growth of technology, the future has never been more unpredictable, and it presents a huge challenge in education: we are teaching students how to work in a future that we have never been unsure of. it is widely predicted that in eight years’ time, there will be more jobs in the fields of science, mathematics, technology and engineering than in any other discipline. and, as the technology continues to develop, it will soon become clear that addressing social problems will involve more innovative thinking, and analytical and technical knowledge than ever before. undeniably, there are no subjects that encourage innovative and creative thinking, deep thought, problem solving and independence more than the stem subjects. while it is widely commented on that there is a need to reimagine the ways stem subjects are taught in schools by embracing a more interactive and innovative approach to appeal to more students, it should come as no surprise that some of the most reputable educational organizations in the world are already implementing changes to embrace stem. harvard, for example, announced in 2014 that they were increasing their computer science faculty by over 50% and has since introduced computer science as a core subject for all freshmen. the urgency of supporting stem subjects at a young age is becoming more relevant than ever, as adopting a keen interest in the curricula needs to happen early. however, beyond the age issue is one of gender.

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hypoxemia refers to a below usual concentration of oxygen in the blood, mainly in the arteries. hypoxemia is an indication of an issue associated with circulation or breathing and may lead to various symptoms like shortness of breath.  

the condition is identified by determining the level of oxygen in the blood sample obtained from an artery. it can also be predicted by determining the oxygen saturation of the blood with the application of a pulse oximeter.  

the normal arterial oxygen is about 75 to 100 mm hg. the values underneath 60 mm hg is generally considered with the requirement for supplemental oxygen. the normal pulse oximeter readings generally range between 95 to 100 percent. the values under 90 percent are regarded as low.  

in the given case, the oxygen saturation is measured at 93 percent, hence, there is no need to administer oxygen, that is, one should withhold oxygen.