Some g proteins produce a cellular response through
theinositol triphosphate ip3/ca2+pathway. explain how the binding of
a ligand to the receptor produces aresponse in this pathway. what
is the target enzyme and secondmessenger in this pathway? name one
specific cell functionregulated by the ip3/ca2+pathway.

Explanation:

The ligand binds with the receptor that causes change in the conformation and allows interaction of 5th and 6th helix of receptor with the G-protein. This allows a GDP exchange with GTP in alpha-subunit of G-protein. This subunit detached from the beta and gamma subunit and gets interact with the effector molecule.

The target enzyme, phospholipase converts the PIP2 into IP3 and DAG. The DAG (diacylglycerol) activates the protein kinase-C. The IP3 (inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate) travels to the cytosol and binds with the SER. This increases the cytosolic ca2+ concentration.

The Ip3 act as a second messenger in this pathway. This pathway specific function is to regulate the movement of calcium from the storage organelles, cellular reaction and cell proliferation.

it’s lava came from an explosive eruption

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.