Is all genetic change adaptive or can genetic changes occur withina
population that are not necessarily adaptive?

No, not all genetic change is adaptive.

Explanation:

This is because genetic changes happen in many ways and this can be adaptive or not.

The main form of genetic change happens through genetic mutations, and these mutations are not always adaptive.

One might think, for example, of a river polluted with a chemical reagent that causes mutations in the scale genes of the local fish population, mildly damaging the way they swim. Despite being a nonadaptive genetic change of fish, they have continued to reproduce so that this change is part of their population.

Although this happens, it is important to note that this rarely happens. Since natural selection ends up selecting the most suitable in the long run.

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus. this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells.

explanation:

the transfer for conduction is the heat transfering from the liquid to the spoon

the transfer for convection is the heat rising from the liquid to the air

the transfer for radiation is the heat going through the sides of the cup and to the air

at least that is what i would do