Aproton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane is a requisite for the synthesis of atp. what contributes to the creation of this proton gradient?

a. more protons in the mitochondrial matrix than in the inter membrane space of the mitochondrial.

b. more protons in the inter membrane space of the mitochondrial than in the mitochondrial matrix.

c. equal number of protons in the mitochondrial matrix and the inter membrane space of the mitochondrial.

What is earths lithospheric plates interact at

1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the existing population 6. underpopulation the ability to meet current needs without reducing the ability to meet future needs 7. unsustainable development the increase in the population of a city 8. urbanization a situation in which the number of people exceeds the available natural resources in an area

Which of these substances does not protect against invaders in the nonspecific immune response? a. saliva b. mucus c. tears d. urine