"bottom-up" (or "data-driven") mechanisms are group of answer choices

a. mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information.
b. the scientific process in which all claims must be rooted in well-established biological evidence.
c. the process by which researchers seek to develop new theories by paying close attention to the available data.
d. mechanisms for which activity is influenced by thoughts provided by the individual.

A. mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information.

Explanation:

Bottom-up mechanism is a process in which a body perceives an incoming stimulus and certain physiological changes occurs in the body working in the direction of upwards that is the signals are transferred to the brain so that the brain could interpret the stimulus. This mechanism suggests the fact that our perceptual experience is based upon the sensory stimuli.

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