The standard reduction potential, e’°, of any redox pair is defined for the half-cell reaction:

oxidizing agent + n electrons \rightarrow reducing agent the e’° values for the nad+/nadh and pyruvate/lactate conjugate redox pairs are -0.32 v and -0.19 v, respectively.

a) which redox pair had the greater tendency to lose electrons? explain.
b) which pair is the stronger oxidizing agent? explain.
c) beginning with 1m concentrations of each reactant and product at ph 7 and 25 °c, in which direction will the following reaction proceed?

pyruvate + nadh + h+ \rightleftharpoons lactate + nad+

d) what is the standard free energy change (? g’°) for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?
e) what is the equilibrium constant (k’eq) for this reaction?