Which is the term for replicating circular pieces of dna that often carry antibiotic-resistant genes

The answer is Plasmid, these are circular pieces of DNA that can carry genes beneficial to the organism such as antibiotic-resistant genes and can self-replicate. Unlike Viruses that are covered with capsid, Plasmids don’t need close or envelope their general material.

the relative standard reduction potential of the half-cell in which reduction occurs; more positive than the other half-cell. reduction is a chemical process in which electrons are added to an atom or an ion; it always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent.