Exciting news! you are part of a team of researchers that has discovered a microbial life form on mars. after a great deal of work, you determine that the flow of genetic information and the genetic material in the martian microbe are largely the same as on earth. however, there are some interesting differences.

(a) you discover that the martian microbe uses the same four bases as terrestrial life forms, but uses four bases per codon. this means that the genetic code of the martian microbe has a total of possible codons.

(b) assume that the martian microbe uses 30 different amino acids in the synthesis of its proteins. given your answer to part (a) above, this means that there will be many more nonsense codons than there are sense codons, unless of course the martian genetic code is highly as is the genetic code on earth.

(c) one of your junior colleagues informs you that in the nucleus of the martian microbe, all genes on a given chromosome are transcribed from one strand of the dna double helix. how does this mechanism of gene expression compare to what we observe in all life forms on earth?

(d) you isolate the first restriction enzyme from the martian microbe. it is a six cutter that you name mari. so far, you have only a partial sequence for the recognition site of mari:

5' c g n t c n 3'

3' g c n a g n 5'

(where n signifies an unknown base) if the recognition site of mari is palindromic, as is true for most terrestrial restriction sites, then what must be the full sequence of the mari recognition site?

lets get this bread mom

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

after receiving a stimus, the sensory receptors send(s) signals to the appropriate area of the body.  

the must be sensory neurons.  

hope its .