The two sources of information used to direct the expression of genes durning various stages of development are

The two sources of information used to direct the expression of genes during various stages of development are Transcription and Translation.

Both of them combined is called gene expression.Transcription is the process of sharing information stored in a DNA to RNA. The process of translation is carried out in cytoplasm. Here, the mRNA, in which stands for messenger, send messages to a more complex and specialized molecule called the ribosome. The sequence present on the mRNA base is read by the ribosome.

Transcription takes place in nucleus and translation takes place in Cytoplasam. The products of transcription are mRNA, tRNA, rRNA. The products of translation are Proteins.

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fertilization, pictured in figure 24.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. the egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. to ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. in mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. when a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. in placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in figure 24.23b. the fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. the nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome.

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