The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly. which of the following cells is most responsible for this? a) satellite cellsb) astrocytesc) schwann cellsd) oligodendrocytes

B) astrocytes

Explanation:

Cells other than neurons that play an important role in the normal functioning of nervous system are called Neuroglia or glial cells.

Satellite cells, astrocytes, schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are all examples of glial cells.

⇒Satellite cells provide protection and nutrition to cells in peripheral nervous system ( peripheral nerves and ganglia).

⇒Astrocytes play an important role in central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). They provide protection to neurons, scavenge ions, form the blood-brain barrier and also maintain extracellular environment suitable for neuronal functioning.

⇒Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system and myelinate the axons of neurons.

⇒Oligodendrocytes are found in central nervous system and produce myelin sheath which myelinates (insulates) axons  of neurons. Their function is similar to schwann cells but in the central nervous system.

From the above discussion it is clear that the answer is B) Astrocytes as these maintain a suitable chemical environment for the neurons.