How are transcription and translation related to the central dogma of molecular biology

Central dogma explains the cellular utilization of genetic information on the basis of three processes and  transcription and translation are two of such processes.

Explanation:

The genetic information is stored in DNA and is expressed into a genetic trait in the following direction: DNA--> RNA-->proteins. It includes three processes: DNA replication, transcription, and translation. DNA replication is the process by which the exact copies of the existing DNA molecules are synthesized in cells.

The sequence of a particular gene is copied into the nucleotide sequence of RNA by the process of transcription. The mature RNA then serves to specify the amino acid sequence of protein during the process of translation. In this way, central dogma explains that the genetic information stored in the DNA molecule is expressed in the amino acid sequence of proteins by the above mentioned three processes in a specific direction.

the fossil record provides evidence of a common ancestor to many species.