Many years ago, during the ice age, sheets of ice moved over much of the land. it was dark and much colder than ever before. ice and snow caused habitat destruction. the animals that lost their habitats most likely

a) moved to warmer places.
b) quickly changed to live in cold and ice.
c) stayed buried and lived again when the ice melted.
d) died out because they were not adapted to such cold.

many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. a lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched is called basal taxon. when two lineages stem from the same branch point, they are called sister taxa.

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explanation:

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

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