Imagine that you discover three different bacterial species on a meteorite. each species contains genetic material that is not dna, but the genetic material of each species contains four bases. each species has a different number of amino acids. use the total number of amino acids per species to determine the minimum codon length for each species.

species a: 2 amino acids
codon length?

species b: 56 amino acids
codon length?

species c: 162 amino acids
codon length?

How can you approximate the number of calories required to keep you in energy balance?

Approximately 90% of all cases of polycystic kidney disease are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. the disease is typically related to mutations to genes (pkd1 and pkd2). pkd genes can be found on chromosome 16. the disease occurs in approximately 1: 800 to 1: 1000 people. here is a hypothetical example. the dominant allele d will cause the development of pkd. the recessive allele is known as d. what genotypes would correspond to suffering from pkd? dd, dd what genotypes would correspond to being normal (not suffering from pkd)? dd consider that 1: 1,000 people have pkd in your population of 325million. consider that pkd is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. show you math for all of the following questions: what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is p? what is q? how many people in your population would have pkd?

One of the reasons that stars are so large is because