Which of the following statements about anabolic pathways is true?

a. they release energy by degrading polymers to monomers.
b. they decrease the entropy of the organism and its environment.
c. they are usually spontaneous chemical reactions.
d. they consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.

d

Explanation:

Anabolic pathways are biosynthetic and consume energy

d.

explanation:

the generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: all known living things are made up of one or more cells. all living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.