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a student conducted an experiment to test whether talking to plants would them to grow faster. the student talked to one group of plants and hand watered them. the student did not talk to the other group of plants and used sprinklers. after three weeks, the plants that were spoken to showed much more growth than the plants that were not. the student concluded that talking to plants makes them grow.

which statement describes the validity of the student's results?

a. they are valid because the student ran a controlled experiment.
b. they are not valid because the student did not control all the variables that can affect plant growth
c. they are valid because the dependent variable caused a change in the independent variable
d. they are not valid because the time frame to grow a plant is too short.

All individuals have two alleles for a given trait. according to mendel's these alleles are passed down one each from both mother and father.

How do living things obtain phosphorus

You will create a molecular clock model for an arthropod gene. follow these guidelines to make your model: . your timeline will span from 90 million years ago to the present. the common ancestor in your model is an arthropod that lived 90 million years ago. the gene that you'll track codes for a protein in the species venom . the dna sequence youll track contains 10 nitrogen bases. you can choose the order of the bases and where the mutations occur. this gene mutates at a rate of approximately 0.76 base pairs every 17.1 million years. to build your model,/ calculate the estimated time period it takes for 1 base pair to mutate. the first time period will only show the common ancestor. at the beginning of the second time period, three lineages will diverge from the common ancestor, each with a different mutation in their gene sequences. the first and third descendant species will survive for the rest of the timeline. the second descendant species was extinct 50 million years ago. calculate how long it will take for one full base pair mutation to occur. explain your reasoning by constructing a mathematical equation