When explaining the probability of assignment to trial arms in consent forms, which is true?
a. fda requires the probability to be expressed as a percentage chance.
b. the use of a placebo arm does have to be specifically stated, but not the chance of assignment.
c. ich notes that it should be included, but does not specify how the information should be presented.
d. the probability of assignment should always be stated as being "like the flip of a coin" because subjects can understand that example

Scientists studied reproduction in the new zealand mud snail to answer the question, “are there benefits to reproducing sexually or asexually? ” which of these hypotheses would least likely aid the scientists as they worked to answer the question? sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction because it reduces the rate of mutation accumulation. asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it allows the snails to produce more offspring. sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction because it allows for snails to have increased genetic variation. asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it decreases the snails’ need for social