In the calm waters metaphor,
a. change is predictable and can be anticipated
b. the external environment is unstable, complex, and dynamic
c. the future is not unknowable; all decisions must be made without complete information
d. change is viewed as a temporary distraction in an otherwise predictable environment
e. a constantly changing environment is interrupted by brief periods of calm

D. change is viewed as a temporary distraction in an otherwise predictable environment

Explanation:

In the calm waters metaphor successful change requires

unfreezing the status quo,

changing to a new sate, and

freezing the new change to make it permanent.

The status quo simply means a predictable environment, an equilibrium state. To move from this equilibrium,unfreezing, is necessary. After unfreezing, the change itself can be implemented . As a result, it needs to be refrozen in order to sustain over time. Therefore, the change is viewed as a temporary distraction in an otherwise predictable environment. The objective of refreezing the entire equilibrium state, then, is to stabilize the new situation.

and after water is usually warmed by the sun the water temperature raises and then evaporates .