4. how does energy release from the sun reach earth? how does the sun's energy interact with earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere?

Sun’s energy reach Earth through space and atmosphere of the Earth. The energy of the sun is absorbed by the layer of ozone in atmosphere and solar energy in the hydrosphere is used to create electricity.  

Explanation:  

Our heat source, the sun when releases energy then it reaches the surface of the Earth through the space and the Earth’s atmosphere and make it warm.

While reaching the surface of the Earth the harmful ultra violet ray of the Sun is absorbed by the ozone layer of atmosphere. The energy of the sun in the hydrosphere is used by us to create electricity and water cycle.

1. a tropical dry forest carries out more rapid nutrient cycling

it would affect precipitation by causing flooding in some areas of the world due to climate increasing, causing the glaciers in the northern and southern pole of our planet to melt.

i wish you would have provided choices to simplify it and allow me to give an exact answer.