Kinases are enzymes that can phosphorylate (transfer phosphate groups onto) macromolecules such as proteins. a particular kinase, kinase 1 is known to promote cell division. it promotes cell division by phosphorylating protein x. phosphorylation of protein x activates protein x. once activated, protein x stimulates the production of other proteins such as protein y and z that directly promote cell division. in order to function, kinase 1 requires the presence of metal a. however, in the presence of protein a, kinase 1 is nonfunctional. from the description, what is considered the substrate of kinase 1?

The correct answer is "Protein X".

Explanation:

As stated in the question, Kinases are enzymes that can phosphorylate (transfer phosphate groups onto) macromolecules such as proteins. In this case, the phosphorylation of Protein X promotes cell division and Kinase 1 is known for promoting cell division as well. Therefore, it could be assumed that the substrate of Kinase 1 is Protein X and that Kinase 1 promotes cell division by phosphorylating it.

d. in sexual reproduction, offspring have more chromosomes than

either parent.

asexual reproduction results in offspring which are genetically the same as the parent organism (not counting a rare mutation). sexual reproduction produces a random mixture of the genetics derived from both parents

explanation: