Part completewhile writing your lecture notes, you are trying to develop a way to impart to your students how the removal of a water molecule, a hydroxyl and a hydrogen atom, will be used in making macromolecules. a molecule is a collection of atoms joined through different types of bonds. a macromolecule is the joining of numerous molecules into something that is relatively quite large. the addition of a molecule to a macromolecule, as well as the removal of a molecule from the macromolecule, involves a molecule of water. from past experience you are aware that when you state this to your students many will unfortunately assume you are referring to liquid water. your students must understand that in biological reactions water, h2o, is actually a hydroxyl group (-oh) and a hydrogen atom (h+) that will be removed or added when altering macromolecules. a dehydration synthesis (removal of water) reforms atomic bonds between molecules to create a larger macromolecule. in a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group is removed from one reactant molecule while a hydrogen atom is stripped from another reactant molecule. reactant (with hydroxyl group) + reactant (with hydrogen ion) = product + h2othe open bonds will be reformed joining the two molecules, while the hydroxyl and hydrogen atom will be released as water. the reverse of a dehydration synthesis is a hydrolysis reaction, in which a bond between two molecules is stressed by an enzyme and a hydroxyl group when a hydrogen atom is added into the bond. whereas a dehydration synthesis creates a macromolecule, a hydrolysis reaction breaks one apart.
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Biology, 21.06.2019 20:00
With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.
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Biology, 21.06.2019 21:50
What is the name for a substance formed in a chemical reaction
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Biology, 22.06.2019 01:00
Nucleic acid certain protein cell membranes certain carbohydrates
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Part completewhile writing your lecture notes, you are trying to develop a way to impart to your stu...
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