People, government and societies choose how to use scare resources to produce items for consumption?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Which set of terms best describes a community of miners who live out in the countryside of west virginia and use specialized geological equipment to analyze the composition of rock?

An organism's reproductive strategy includes all of the following except a. the number of offspring produced. b. the amount of energy expended in producing offspring. c. the length of time parental care is given d. the number of alleles an organism passes on.