Anew viral pathogen has emerged, and you have been asked to develop an elisa-based detection assay to the intact virions. in order to ensure that a mutation in a single surface protein does not render your assay obsolete, which of the following should you use?
a. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish)
b. molecular beacons
c. monoclonal antibodies
d. polyclonal antibodies
e. subunit vaccine

The correct answer is option d. "Polyclonal antibodies".

Explanation:

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is very useful in comparison to other immunoassay methods for being highly accurate, sensitive and specific. Polyclonal antibodies for the detection step could be used on order to ensure that a mutation in a single surface protein would not make obsolete an ELISA used to detect a new viral pathogen. Unlike monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies are a collection of antibodies that recognize multiple epitopes of the same antigen. Therefore, a mutation in one epitope that affects the binding of one antibody would not affect the bind of the others and the ELISA will be able to recognize the pathogen.

sulfur dioxide

explanation: acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. these substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.