Bob suffers from severe rheumatoid arthritis associated with overproduction of the growth factor rankl, the receptors for which are present on osteoclasts. based on this information, do you predict bob will have problems regulating.

-Increased osteoclast activity

-Increased blood calcium levels

-Increased rate of mineral turnover

Explanation:

Overproduction of RANKL can activate osteoclasts, which cause the bone to fall apart. RANKL and OPG have to be balanced, and this is the aim of therapy for many illnesses in which there is a deficiency of estrogen, such as in this case, rheumatoid arthritis. Other illnesses include bone tumors, osteoporosis, periodontal disease, and more.  

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.