In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions
a. are the source of energy driving prokaryotic atp synthesis.
b. provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient.
c. reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide.
d. are coupled via phosphorylated intermediates to endergonic processes.

The correct answer is option b.

Explanation:

Exergonic reactions refer to the reactions that cause loss of energy in the form of heat. They are not the mediating force for the synthesis of ATP in prokaryotes. The procedure of ATP synthesis is distinct in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in various aspects.  

In mitochondria, the exergonic reactions provide energy, which assists in establishing a proton gradient. This proton gradient plays an essential part in the generation of ATP by ATP synthase via oxidative phosphorylation.  

answer: grassland biomes are closer to the equator and receive more rain.

grasslands are biomes that are dominated by grasses rather shrubs and trees. savanna are biomes that exhibit grasses, shrubs and small tree as vegetation. grasslands are located near the equator of the earth. these are found in north america. savanna biomes are found in africa, south america, australia and india. grassland exhibit moderate climatic conditions, it receives   amount of rainfall higher than savanna.   therefore, savanna exhibit dry and hot climatic conditions.