Summarize the evidence showing that the sequence of nucleotides in a gene is colinear with the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

A DNA is the genetic material of the organism which gets transferred to progeny controlling their traits. The DNA contains a sequence of nucleotides which codes for a protein called genes which provide instruction of the trait.

The DNA forms an mRNA molecule which by the process of Transcription and this mRNA molecule gets translated into the protein by Translation.  Translation proceeds in the ribosomes where mRNA bases are studied by the ribosomes in the form of triplets called codons. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid which gets bonded to form a polypeptide.  

Since the sequence of bases form codons which form the proteins in the same sequence as they are arranged on the mRNA, therefore nucleotides of the gene are collinear with the amino acids if the proteins.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!

answer: ice crystals in air

the water from the water body or another source of water gets evaporated as water vapor as an effect of heat on water. these water vapor rises in the upper layers of the earth atmosphere under high atmospheric pressure. the atmospheric pressure of these water molecules starts to decrease due to the effect of cold air. the invisible water vapor condenses into visible water droplets and ice crystals.these ice crystals and water droplets being less denser than the surrounding air floats on air as clouds.