One benefit of the countercurrent flow process is
a. the blood is always passing water that has a higher oxygen content
b. the blood is always passing water that has a lower oxygen content
c. the blood and water reach equilibrium faster
d. the blood and water flow in the same direction

Option (a).

Explanation:

Counter current flow may be defined as the flow of water in the opposite direction with the flow of blood in the body. This countercurrent flow is generally occurs in fishes.

The one main benefit of the countercurrent flow is the absorption of maximum oxygen as the water flows inside the body. Approximately, three time more oxygen is extracted during the counter current flow. The concentration gradient is maintained up to the whole length of gills.

Thus, the correct answer is option (a).

a. as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases & the molecules move faster & further away from each other.

b. if you decrease the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the combined gas law reduces to charles's law. in this case, volume will also decrease.