A(n) occurs during the design process when one benefit is given up in order to obtain another.

the menstrual cycle – higher tier. negative feedback mechanisms affect the production of hormones in the menstrual cycle. oestrogen also stimulates the release of lh (luteinising hormone) from the pituitary gland, which in turn controls the production of progesterone.

your spelling is a little off : ]

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high