What freed plants dependency on water for fertilization?
a. seeds
b. pollen grain
c. sporophyte
d. fruit

Seeds and pollen grain

Explanation: Evolution in seeds and pollen reduced the plant dependency on water for fertilization. Seeds have a diploid embryo which will germinate into sporophyte. The seeds have a superior evolutionary advantage because of the protective coat and storage tissue helps to sustain growth. Desiccation is prevented by layers of hardened tissue freeing reproduction from the need of constant water supply.

Pollen grains are basically male gametophytes which can reach female gametophyte and the egg cell gamete through pollen tube. It can be carried by air, water or a pollinator. The structure is protected  from the desiccation and can reach female gametophyte without depending on water.

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