John decided to move from agriculture to the manufacturing sector. he abandoned his farm and shifted to a city. after a few years, when john visited
his farm, he found the land covered with goose grass. a few years later, the land was covered with small shrubs. john's land has been covered with
maple trees for many years now.
*blank*succession occurred on john's land and the maple trees represent the*blank*
community.

Secondary, Climax

Explanation:

Because John disrupted the initial ecosystem community through tillage, this is called secondary succession. The soil’s first recolonized y fast-growing plants with  short life cycles (annual & perennial plants) such as the goosegrass in this case. Then intermdiate plants take over such shrubs in this case. The climax community is the ultimate plant with long life cycles- in this case, the maple trees. The ecosystem is considered stable until the next disruption.  

i believe it's c. the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection.

since eventually smaller beaks would have to find another source of food or even eventually just die out from the lack of food.