2. jess thinks that people who sleep more than 6 hours the night before will
score much higher on a spelling test. she divides a group of 100 volunteers
into two groups. one group sleeps for a minimum of 6 hours the night before
the spelling test. the other group sleeps less than 6 hours. she gives the
same spelling test to all 100 volunteers. then, she grades them and
categorizes her results.
a. independent variable:
b. dependent variable:
c. experimental group:
d. control group:

Cladistics is a way of classifying organisms by examining the characteristics of their ancestors and descendants and depicting the relationships in a cladogram. which of the following best describes a challenge in classifying organisms this way? a. there are millions of species on earth, and a cladogram is not a practical means for classifying all of them. b. it is impossible to tell which organisms are most closely related to each other using a cladogram. c. cladograms are detail-oriented and do not provide a useful understanding of evolutionary relationships. d. there is a limited number of ways to organize the information, so most cladograms end up looking very similar.