In 1997, dolly the sheep was cloned. which of the following processes was used?
a. use of mitochondrial dna from adult female cells of another ewe
b. replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from sheep bone marrow
c. separation of an early-stage sheep blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a surrogate ewe
d. fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate

Option (D).

Explanation:

Dolly was the first sheep cloned in the year 1997. The sheep has been cloned from the adult somatic cells. The sheep was cloned by  Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut.

The adult's cell nucleus was fused with the enucleated sheep egg. The egg was then incubated in the surrogate female. The telomeres of Dolly sheep was found to be shorter than the normal individuals.

Thus, the correct answer is option (D).

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.

b - the respond is innate and varies over time.

good luck!