Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses?
candida
cryptococcus
plasmodium
giardia

The correct option is : c. Plasmodium

Explanation:

Antigenic variation is a mechanism in which pathogens alter the carbohydrates or proteins present on their surface, to gain immunity from the immune system of the host. This also allows the pathogen to re-infect the previously infected hosts.

Example: The protozoan parasite, Plasmodium falciparum undergoes antigenic variation.

answer: andy garner, a 17-year-old who decided to become a human guinea pig in 1965 and go without sleep for 11 days. by the second day his eyes had already stopped focusing, and he lost the ability to identify objects by touch. by day three he was moody and uncoordinated and by the end he had trouble with short term memory and had even started hallucinating.

and a rare genetic mutation called fatal familial insomnia, where people can’t sleep at all, gets progressively worse over months or years and leads to dementia and death.

a devoted soccer fan died after staying awake 48 hours to watch the world cup, she said. ‘while his untimely death was due to a stroke, studies show chronically sleeping fewer than six hours a night increases stroke risk by 4 1/2 times compared with those getting a consistent seven to eight hours.'

*shorten it up as your wish*

(i have divided it into 3 simple paragraphs)