Match each pioneer of epidemiology with his or her contribution.
â  nightingale
a. determined the source of a cholera outbreak in london
â  koch
b. showed that surgical wound infection rates could be dramatically reduced by using carbolic acid to disinfect surgical tools, bandages, and surgical sites
â  lister
c. compiled data on causes of mortality in soldiers, leading to innovations in military medical care
â  snow
d. developed a methodology for conclusively determining the etiology of disease

1. Florence Nightingale collected information on the mortality causes in soldiers, resulting in developments in military medical care.  

2. Robert Koch deduced a procedure for convincingly finding the etiology of the disease.  

3. Joseph Lister demonstrated that infection rates by the surgical wound could get diminished dramatically with the application of carbolic acid to disinfect bandages, surgical tools, and surgical sites.  

4. John Snow found the cause of the cholera outburst in London.  

dna damages cause changes in the structure of the genetic material and prevents the replication mechanism from functioning and performing properly. dna damage and mutation have different biological consequences. while most dna damages can undergo dna repair, such repair is not 100% efficient.

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