How can dna be useful in phylogeny?
a. dna isn't useful in phylogeny, as morphological characteristics are used exclusively in phylogeny.
b. dna sequences from different species can be compared, giving us more information about their evolutionary relationships.
c. dna sequences are rearranged to predict how species could evolve in the future.
d. dna from every organism in a clade is sequenced to identify genetic mutations that have occurred

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.

b tumor cells have a cell wall instead of a membrane

explanation:

tumor cells different from normal cells because tumor cells have a cell wall instead of a membrane.