An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called

When an atom gains or loses an electron, it attains a net charge and becomes an ion. When electrons are lost, the resulting ion is called cation and when electrons are gained, the resulting ion is called an anion.

a- multicellular

b-eukaryotic

c-no cell wall

d-heterotrophic

e-autotrophic

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.