What conditions are necessary for populations to remain in hardy-weinberg equilibrium

Large population

Random mating

No evolutionary mechanisms (mutations, genetic flow,, genetic drift, natural selection)

Explanation:

According to  Hardy-Weinberg model, allele frequence (or genotype frequencies) will remain constant through generations in the absence of disturbing factors, evolutionary mechanisms. Such constant population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (no evolving population). Factor that can disturb equilibrium of the population are nonrandom mating, mutations, gene flow, natural selection, genetic drift.

According to Hardy-Weinberg model:

p2+2pq+q2=1 (p+q=1)

p2 is the frequency of dominant homozygous genotype

2pq is is the frequency of heterozygous genotype

q2 is is the frequency of recessive homozygous genotype

There are five conditions that disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:

Natural selection

Mutation

Genetic drift

Migration (gene flow)

Nonrandom mating

Explanation:

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was explored earlier in this lesson in relation to allele frequency and the number of genotypes and phenotypes. This equilibrium was developed by Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg completely independent of one another. The equilibrium states that if there are no external forces of evolution on a population, then the allele frequency of that population will never change. The individuals within a population would all look the same as each other.