How is the outgroup determined in a cladogram?

It is usually the first branch of the cladogram

Explanation:

Since outgroup is group of organisms that do not share characteristic with other groups (or share it a little), this means that this group is at least related group with other in cladogram.

Cladistic classification is classification in which organisms are put in group based on their shared characteristics and the most recent common ancestor. So, organisms of the same group are are closely related. Cladistic analysis are methods for the estimation of relationships among organisms and it includes the use of data on the traits of those organisms. The result of cladistic analysis is a diagram-tree which is called cladogram. Cladogram represents relations among organisms.

the oceanic zone is typically defined as the area of the ocean lying beyond the continental shelf, but operationally is often referred to as beginning where the water depths drop to below 100 meters (328 feet), seaward from the coast to the open ocean.

explanation:

i think the answer would d