Complete the following vocabulary exercise related to the process of translation of mrna to protein by the ribosome. match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column. view available hint(s)-trna synthetase1. the rna that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mrna, is called a .2. the process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mrna and synthesizing a protein is called .3. of translation always happens at the start codon of the mrna.4. amino acids are attached to trna by enzymes called .5. of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mrna.

1. tRNA- The RNA that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mRNA.

2. The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called TRANSLATION

3. of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA - INITIATION

4. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

5. of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA - TERMINATION

Explanation:

1. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a special type of RNA molecule found in the ribosome that matches an mRNA codon with the amino acid it encodes. The tRNA binds to a mRNA codon, reads it using its anticodon, then carries an amino acid (on its amino acid attachment site), specifically the one encoded by the codon it binds to, and adds the amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.

2. Translation is the second process of protein synthesis, after transcription, which involves the use of the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA to synthesize proteins. It occurs in the cytoplasm (specifically, the ribosomes).

3. Translation begins when a tRNA attaches to the mRNA in the P site of the ribosome. This binding forms an initiation complex. Initiation of translation when the start codon -AUG, is read by the tRNA.

4. When a tRNA binds to and reads the mRNA codon, it becomes attached to the amino acid encoded by that codon. This attachment is done on the amino acid attachment site of the t-shaped tRNA. Enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase facilitates this attachment of amino acid to tRNA. The joining of tRNA and an amino acid forms an aminoacyl-tRNA and is catalyzed by a specific enzyme called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

5. The process of translation continues in the ribosome until a stop codon is read by the tRNA. This signals the end of the translation process and causes a release of the polypeptide. This process of translation ending is called TERMINATION. The stop codons are UAA, UGA, UAG.

those characteristics are cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, response to stimuli, growth and development, and adaptation through evolution. some things, such as a virus, demonstrate only a few of these characteristics and are, therefore, not alive

i believe the correct answer is the virus gets an envelope that contains host molecules when it leaves the host cell.

explanation:

during the bidding/release stage of a virus, it encapsulates itself with part of the membrane of the host cells in this case the cells of the monkey and is the reason as to why the scientist found the genetic material of the monkey on the viral cell surface.

further explanation

to understand this answer, we have to know the cycle a virus undergoes to replicate. a virus is basically a bunch of genetic material enclosed in a capsule and lacks any machinery or organelles to ensure their survival so they must enter a host cell in order to get the environment needed to survive. some viruses enter and lyse(destroy) the host cell after they have replicated and undergo the lytic cycle while some enter and leave the cell intact after replicating and these undergo a lysogenic cycle. to enter the cell, they undergo the first process called attachment by binding to specific receptors and co-receptors on the surface of the host cell. after attaching to the cell, they start the second phase called penetration where virus enters or is engulfed whole by the host cell through a process called endocytosis. it is the same process that a cell takes up materials it needs or pathogens around it. uncoating of the virus then happens after the virus has been engulfed and is the third stage. the virus then undergoes releasing of its genetic material in the host's matrix.   the materials then enter the nucleus and undergo biosynthesis by adding themselves in strands of rna being translated and then copies of the virus are produced in addition to the host genetic material. the material/newly formed viral material then undergoes assembly inside the host cell and form a capsule around them. the virus undergoes the last release/budding stage by binding to the host membrane and pushing outwards. in doing so when they tear away from the host membrane, they pick up the genetic material from the membrane of the host cell to form their envelope.

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level: high school