How do breathing passages keep pathogens out of the body?

phagocytes in the breathing passages destroy pathogens.

they produce antibodies that kill pathogens.

chemicals kill some pathogens.

mucus and cilia trap pathogens.

D. Muscus and cilia trap pathogens

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

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