Nearest to the epiphysis and contains randomly arranged chondrocytes that do not divide rapidly. chondrocytes produce new cartilage through interstitial cartilage growth. chondrocytes divide and form columns resembling stacks of plates or coins. chondrocytes mature and enlarge, the cells nearest the diaphysis are older and undergoing hypertrophy. very thin zone that contains hypertrophied chondrocytes and calcified cartilage matrix. calcified cartilage is replaced by bone.

Zone of resting cartilage is nearest to the epiphysis and contains randomly arranged chondrocytes that do not divide rapidly.

Zone of Proliferation produce new cartilage through interstitial cartilage growth. Chondrocytes divide and form columns resembling stacks of plates or coins.

Zone of hypertrophy. The chondrocytes produced in the zone of proliferation mature and enlarge, the cells nearest the diaphysis are older and undergoing hypertrophy.

Thus, a maturation gradient exists in each column: The cells nearer the epiphysis are younger and actively proliferating, whereas the cells progressively nearer the diaphysis are older and undergoing hypertrophy.

Zone of Calcification is a very thin zone that contains hypertrophied chondrocytes and calcified cartilage matrix. calcified cartilage is replaced by bone.

The hypertrophied chondrocytes die, and blood vessels from the diaphysis grow into the area.

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it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.